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Generally, conditions of this type are referred to as nerve entrapment or as entrapment neuropathies the particular condition known as piriformis syndrome refers to sciatica symptoms not originating from spinal roots and/or spinal disc compression, but involving the overlying piriformis muscle.

When the piriformis muscle shortens or spasms due to trauma or overuse, it can compress or strangle the sciatic nerve beneath the muscle. Overuse syndromes: Piriformis muscle hypertrophy (viz., in athletes) Sitting for prolonged periods (office workers, taxi drivers, bicycle riders) Early (proximal) divisions of the sciatic nerve into its tibial and common peroneal components can predispose patients to piriformis syndrome, with these branches passing through and below the piriformis muscle or above and below the muscle. Sciatic nerve course/branching variations with respect to the piriformis muscle: In over 80% of the population, the sciatic nerve courses deep to and exits inferiorly to the piriformis muscle belly/tendon.

Anatomic anomalies, present since birth:.

Etiology Ĭauses of piriformis syndrome include the following The signs and symptoms include gluteal pain that may radiate down buttock and the leg, and that is made worse in some sitting positions. The frequency of the condition is unknown, with different groups arguing it is more or less common. Steroid or botulinum toxin injections may be used in those who do not improve. Treatment may include avoiding activities that cause symptoms, stretching, physiotherapy, and medication such as NSAIDs. Other conditions that may present similarly include a herniated disc. A number of physical exam maneuvers can be supportive. Diagnosis is difficult as there is no definitive test. Few cases in athletics, however, have been described. Ĭauses may include trauma to the gluteal muscle, spasms of the piriformis muscle, anatomical variation, or an overuse injury. Often symptoms are worsened with sitting or running. Symptoms may include pain and numbness in the buttocks and down the leg. Piriformis syndrome is a condition which is believed to result from compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle.

NSAIDs, steroids, botulinum toxin injections Herniated disc, kidney stones, SI joint dysfunction Īvoiding activities that cause symptoms, stretching, medications Location of piriformis syndrome within the bodyīuttock pain that is worse with sitting